Journalism has changed in such a way over time that it has as many benefits as it does negatives, it can feed a positive narrative to the public or it can change the way people view the narrative in a negative way, "gotcha" Journalism is a negative to most, but can be positive to some, it can push a bias if done correctly, and can cause negative perspective. There are many caveats to gotcha journalism, and it is still used today to create headlines that harm reputation while somewhat avoiding lying as well.
"Ambush" journalism consists of interviewing someone in a place where they least expect to be interviewed, which causes confusion and may make them unable to answer or even worse, spit out a wrong answer, which harms liability and truth. The best way to illustrate this is with a celebrity news outlet like TMZ, they use ambush journalism all the time, they almost never have a celebrity in an actual newsroom or interview room, it's always a quick 1 question and then they run away.
Hidden camera journalism is a modern method of whistleblowing, it involves the use of hidden cameras to expose things that are meant to be secret or kept away from public eye, it can deface an entire campaign if it is severe enough. Commonly most "hidden camera" examples are from BWC on police officers, because the footage from them is available to the public, this means anyone can view footage and use it in whatever they wish, news stories, interviews, or even campaigns if it is not defamation in nature. Such as the Pfizer whistleblower who leaked hidden camera
footage about talks of "mutating covid"
Classified and leaked documents and information from whistleblowers is commonly not deemed an ethical way of getting information. The information is both tried and true, but it is also not meant to be public. If an interviewer asks a question about a classified document or operation, The interviewee usually is not allowed to answer, which makes them look bad, and also increases suspicion or it can cause the situation to gain traction, leading major news outlets to follow the same path, A good example of this would be the situation regarding James O'Keefe, There is a whistleblower from Pfizer who has leaked documents and evidence regarding all things covid, This can be used as a form of Gotcha journalism in an interview, Due to no ability to answer.
Gotcha journalism has been in used for several decades now, And the effect it has is noticeable even today, Paparazzi, Sensitive topics, all these methods are used to hurt an image of the interviewee, Gotcha journalism can even be linked to why some politicians avoid post-speech interviews entirely, only doing interviews in scheduled and pre-determined periods.
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